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A proxy or proxy server is a program that acts in the middle between a client and server over the internet. Without the use of a proxy, users could send a request for an item directly a server, and then the server will serve that resource to its user directly. While this is a simple method to comprehend and utilize, the addition of proxies can provide advantages in the form of more performance, privacy and security, among other things. In addition to moving through, proxies serve as a security layer for the internet, separating servers and users.




In general, the bundled system of server hardware along with the software used to install proxy services is often called proxy servers. However, this article will concentrate on the proxy servers which are generally described as software as and those employed together with web servers. We will present a summary of the two main types of proxies, they are one that is forward and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage which may be confusing due to a similar terminology.




This article will provide you with an idea of the types of proxies and subtypes they are, and their utility in a variety of configurations. Through in this post, you'll be aware of how to identify the scenarios where proxies are advantageous, and decide on the best choice for forward proxy or reverse proxy, based on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known in the context of the open proxy serves as a representative for a client that is trying to send an online request to an source server. In this scenario, the entire request sent by the client will rather be directed by the forward-proxy. A forward-proxy, in its place as the customer will review the request. First, it will determine whether the client has been granted permission to send requests using this particular forward proxy. It then will reject a application and send it back to its source server. The client is not able to have direct connection directly to internet. It is able to access only the information that the forward proxy permits the client to connect.




The most frequent use of forward proxy is increased security or privacy on the internet. Forward proxy connects to internet in place of a client and during this process, it uses an alternate IP address from that of the client's original IP address.




Based on the way it was set up according to the way it was configured forward proxy can offer a range of features depending on how it is configured. This allows users to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


Identify restrictions based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems of centralized security and permission -based access, like, in workplaces. If all internet traffic flows through an common forward proxy layer an administrator can limit access to only a small user group to the internet through an common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer that can comprise a variety of machines that have various environments and users, it is possible to install an firewall that is located in the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




It is important to remember the fact that forward proxy servers have to be manually set up to be used, while reverse proxies are often not noticed by clients. Based on the kind of IP address the client, it will be passed to the server that created it via the forward proxy privacy and security is granted or kept hidden.




There are a myriad of choices to think about for forward proxies




Apache is a well-known open-source web server offering forward proxy capability.


Nginx: Another well-known open source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide a complete website server software. It is possible to read our guide on how to configure Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and is better suited to use in instances like peer-to-peer communication. You can also discover how to set up a Dante proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as a representative of web servers that handle any requests made by clients on behalf of. The web server could be a single server or multiple servers. In addition, it could be an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any case, the request will come from a user on the internet generally. In the majority of cases, requests will get made directly to the server that has all the resources the client is in need of. However, a reverse proxy works as an intermediary, and separates Web server from direct communication with the open internet.




From a consumer's point perspective, using reverse proxy isn't any different from using an internet server direct. It's the same thing, and the client cannot see the difference. The client makes a request for this resource and it then gets it without any extra configuration that must be performed by the customer.




Reverse proxies provide features such as:




A centralized layer of security to protect the server.


Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules that you set up.


A new feature to cache is now available.




While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this feature only to the server layer but not the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls at Web server layers, which could include multiple servers and various configurations, the majority of firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of interfacing with firewalls and communicating with customers who aren't connected to web servers enables the firewall to focus on delivering the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers operating within reverse proxy, it controls which requests are directed to which servers. A number of web servers could be running within the exact same system, providing different types of resources or a combination of both. These servers use the HTTP protocol just like a conventional web server. They can also be equipped with other protocols for application servers like FastCGI. It is possible to configure reverse proxy servers to guide the clients towards specific servers based on the type of resource they are looking for, or to follow certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also be able to gain advantage from their position prior to web servers, through offering caching capabilities. Large static assets can to be set up with caching rules so that they do not have to connect with web servers for every request. Certain software solutions allow you to serve static assets directly without having to connect to the server once. In addition reverse proxy solutions can handle compression of these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server can also function as an effective reverse proxy option. It is true it's true Apache webserver is also fitted with an reverse proxy that can be used in conjunction with Apache but Nginx was originally built for and focuses on reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and misleading comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. It can be confusing since both types of proxy services process requests and respond. A better approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to consider the needs of the application that you're developing.




A reverse proxy is a great option when you are designing a system to provide web-based solutions on the internet. They act as your servers when you interact with the Internet.




Forward proxy applications are advantageous when placed in front of the client for personal use as well as in an office setting. They represent your clients when you connect to the internet.




Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing on commonly used naming conventions can help you to avoid confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains the definition of a proxy along with two types: forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and an examination of beneficial features were used to differentiate between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about the implementation of proxies we recommend you learn how to configure Nginx as a reverse proxy on Apache running an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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